Owen Grady, Raptor Trainer (Card)

Owen Grady, Raptor Trainer
0.14%inclusion2.52K decks1.74M decks
Background image for Building a Dinosaur EDH Deck with Yidris and Keruga
Jonathan Zucchetti
Apr 30, 2025
Building a Dinosaur EDH Deck with Yidris and Keruga
Wanna build a Dinosaur deck with a twist? Then try this four-color deck with Yidris at the helm and Keruga in the companion zone.
Background image for Top 10 Dinosaurs
DougY
Dec 20, 2024
Top 10 Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs debut in a Naya-centric top 10 list.
Cardsphere
Archidekt
Commander Spellbook
Moxfield
Scryfall
MTGStocks
Pantlaza, Sun-Favored
1.8%inclusion548 decks30.2K decks
Gishath, Sun's Avatar
1.9%inclusion384 decks19.8K decks
Morophon, the Boundless
2.4%inclusion323 decks13.4K decks
Indoraptor, the Perfect Hybrid
2.3%inclusion218 decks9.59K decks
Atla Palani, Nest Tender
1.1%inclusion189 decks17.8K decks
Esika, God of the Tree
0.7%inclusion163 decks22.1K decks
Jodah, the Unifier
0.5%inclusion136 decks27.5K decks
Kenrith, the Returned King
0.2%inclusion64 decks27.9K decks
Zacama, Primal Calamity
1.1%inclusion44 decks3.86K decks
Huatli, Poet of Unity
2.6%inclusion36 decks1.40K decks
Rukarumel, Biologist
0.8%inclusion33 decks3.90K decks
Etali, Primal Conqueror
0.2%inclusion32 decks13.8K decks
Zilortha, Strength Incarnate
0.9%inclusion30 decks3.34K decks
Cecily, Haunted Mage // Othelm, Sigardian Outcast
1.1%inclusion25 decks2.20K decks
Yidris, Maelstrom Wielder
0.2%inclusion20 decks8.40K decks
Kalamax, the Stormsire
0.2%inclusion17 decks8.02K decks
Sisay, Weatherlight Captain
0.1%inclusion14 decks16.2K decks
Aragorn, the Uniter
0.1%inclusion14 decks20.3K decks
Illuna, Apex of Wishes
0.4%inclusion13 decks3.44K decks
Jodah, Archmage Eternal
0.1%inclusion12 decks8.46K decks
New Cards
Chronicle of Victory
5.2%inclusion15 decks287 decks
2.38lift
Collective Inferno
4.3%inclusion12 decks281 decks
2.49lift
Triceraton Commander
2.9%inclusion5 decks172 decks
20.4lift
Rime Chill
2.4%inclusion2 decks84 decks
21.7lift
Wild Unraveling
2.3%inclusion2 decks87 decks
14.7lift
High Lift Cards
Blue, Loyal Raptor
94%inclusion925 decks988 decks
99+lift
Ian Malcolm, Chaotician
22%inclusion220 decks988 decks
99+lift
Ellie and Alan, Paleontologists
41%inclusion366 decks886 decks
99+lift
Indoraptor, the Perfect Hybrid
51%inclusion567 decks1.11K decks
99+lift
Grim Giganotosaurus
59%inclusion652 decks1.11K decks
99+lift
Indominus Rex, Alpha
58%inclusion512 decks883 decks
99+lift
Henry Wu, InGen Geneticist
23%inclusion204 decks883 decks
99+lift
Compy Swarm
50%inclusion557 decks1.11K decks
97.2lift
Cresting Mosasaurus
63%inclusion620 decks988 decks
95.1lift
Spitting Dilophosaurus
53%inclusion588 decks1.11K decks
67.9lift
Top Cards
Blue, Loyal Raptor
94%inclusion925 decks988 decks
99+lift
Etali, Primal Storm
70%inclusion1.76K decks2.52K decks
6.84lift
Zacama, Primal Calamity
70%inclusion1.47K decks2.11K decks
9.11lift
Cresting Mosasaurus
63%inclusion620 decks988 decks
95.1lift
Gishath, Sun's Avatar
60%inclusion1.28K decks2.11K decks
15.2lift
Grim Giganotosaurus
59%inclusion652 decks1.11K decks
99+lift
Indominus Rex, Alpha
58%inclusion512 decks883 decks
99+lift
Ghalta, Primal Hunger
58%inclusion1.46K decks2.52K decks
8.10lift
Regisaur Alpha
56%inclusion1.41K decks2.52K decks
17.6lift
Cultivate
56%inclusion1.41K decks2.52K decks
1.32lift
Game Changers
Smothering Tithe
12%inclusion254 decks2.11K decks
0.73lift
Teferi's Protection
12%inclusion252 decks2.11K decks
0.76lift
Cyclonic Rift
11%inclusion110 decks988 decks
0.60lift
Demonic Tutor
11%inclusion119 decks1.11K decks
0.60lift
Worldly Tutor
10%inclusion258 decks2.52K decks
0.87lift
Rhystic Study
10%inclusion99 decks988 decks
0.49lift
Farewell
7.3%inclusion155 decks2.11K decks
0.87lift
Fierce Guardianship
7.1%inclusion70 decks988 decks
0.49lift
Vampiric Tutor
6.2%inclusion69 decks1.11K decks
0.46lift
Enlightened Tutor
5.1%inclusion108 decks2.11K decks
0.38lift
Creatures
Hunting Velociraptor
56%inclusion1.40K decks2.52K decks
27.5lift
Ghalta, Stampede Tyrant
55%inclusion1.39K decks2.52K decks
13.3lift
Zetalpa, Primal Dawn
53%inclusion1.12K decks2.11K decks
10.6lift
Earthshaker Dreadmaw
53%inclusion1.33K decks2.52K decks
16.9lift
Ravenous Tyrannosaurus
51%inclusion1.28K decks2.52K decks
34.7lift
Ghalta and Mavren
51%inclusion1.07K decks2.11K decks
8.93lift
Wakening Sun's Avatar
50%inclusion1.06K decks2.11K decks
10.9lift
Hulking Raptor
47%inclusion1.19K decks2.52K decks
15.7lift
Etali, Primal Conqueror
47%inclusion1.19K decks2.52K decks
5.98lift
Temple Altisaur
47%inclusion994 decks2.11K decks
9.8lift
Otepec Huntmaster
45%inclusion1.13K decks2.52K decks
17.7lift
Pantlaza, Sun-Favored
44%inclusion937 decks2.11K decks
16.0lift
Wayward Swordtooth
44%inclusion1.11K decks2.52K decks
9.12lift
Wrathful Raptors
44%inclusion1.10K decks2.52K decks
15.4lift
Kinjalli's Sunwing
41%inclusion870 decks2.11K decks
10.1lift
Polyraptor
40%inclusion1.01K decks2.52K decks
20.4lift
Quartzwood Crasher
40%inclusion995 decks2.52K decks
9.9lift
Swooping Pteranodon
39%inclusion833 decks2.11K decks
41.7lift
Palani's Hatcher
39%inclusion990 decks2.52K decks
19.0lift
Curious Altisaur
39%inclusion984 decks2.52K decks
15.2lift
Nezahal, Primal Tide
38%inclusion372 decks988 decks
23.2lift
Apex Altisaur
34%inclusion862 decks2.52K decks
9.7lift
Topiary Stomper
34%inclusion846 decks2.52K decks
8.46lift
Verdant Sun's Avatar
33%inclusion836 decks2.52K decks
13.2lift
Dinosaurs on a Spaceship
33%inclusion695 decks2.11K decks
15.9lift
Thrashing Brontodon
33%inclusion825 decks2.52K decks
13.3lift
Bonehoard Dracosaur
33%inclusion825 decks2.52K decks
10.4lift
Marauding Raptor
32%inclusion812 decks2.52K decks
12.4lift
Atzocan Seer
31%inclusion648 decks2.11K decks
10.0lift
Sunfrill Imitator
30%inclusion764 decks2.52K decks
14.7lift
Itzquinth, Firstborn of Gishath
30%inclusion763 decks2.52K decks
22.6lift
Trumpeting Carnosaur
28%inclusion716 decks2.52K decks
9.47lift
Scion of Calamity
28%inclusion701 decks2.52K decks
12.8lift
Vaultborn Tyrant
28%inclusion664 decks2.40K decks
10.1lift
Kinjalli's Caller
28%inclusion582 decks2.11K decks
12.8lift
Scytheclaw Raptor
27%inclusion688 decks2.52K decks
16.4lift
Huatli, Poet of Unity
27%inclusion563 decks2.11K decks
20.8lift
Regal Behemoth
26%inclusion666 decks2.52K decks
10.2lift
Ranging Raptors
26%inclusion648 decks2.52K decks
10.3lift
Ripjaw Raptor
25%inclusion630 decks2.52K decks
9.41lift
Intrepid Paleontologist
25%inclusion621 decks2.52K decks
21.6lift
Runic Armasaur
24%inclusion594 decks2.52K decks
9.9lift
Knight of the Stampede
24%inclusion592 decks2.52K decks
24.3lift
Ixalli's Lorekeeper
23%inclusion585 decks2.52K decks
18.5lift
Bronzebeak Foragers
23%inclusion486 decks2.11K decks
7.08lift
Atla Palani, Nest Tender
21%inclusion453 decks2.11K decks
16.1lift
Roaming Throne
21%inclusion528 decks2.52K decks
2.42lift
Rampaging Ferocidon
21%inclusion527 decks2.52K decks
29.6lift
Belligerent Yearling
21%inclusion521 decks2.52K decks
26.9lift
Dinosaur Egg
20%inclusion493 decks2.52K decks
16.9lift
Instants
Permission Denied
44%inclusion394 decks886 decks
65.3lift
Path to Exile
41%inclusion875 decks2.11K decks
1.06lift
Swords to Plowshares
34%inclusion722 decks2.11K decks
0.73lift
Akroma's Will
29%inclusion608 decks2.11K decks
3.08lift
Heroic Intervention
28%inclusion704 decks2.52K decks
0.94lift
Counterspell
26%inclusion252 decks988 decks
0.99lift
Return of the Wildspeaker
21%inclusion523 decks2.52K decks
1.74lift
Generous Gift
20%inclusion420 decks2.11K decks
1.35lift
Beast Within
17%inclusion424 decks2.52K decks
0.54lift
Chaos Warp
16%inclusion390 decks2.52K decks
0.73lift
Boros Charm
11%inclusion239 decks2.11K decks
0.84lift
Deflecting Swat
9.4%inclusion236 decks2.52K decks
0.67lift
Assassin's Trophy
8.4%inclusion93 decks1.11K decks
0.37lift
Growth Spiral
8.2%inclusion81 decks988 decks
0.51lift
Entish Restoration
7.6%inclusion191 decks2.52K decks
1.22lift
Get Lost
7.5%inclusion158 decks2.11K decks
5.82lift
Flawless Maneuver
6.8%inclusion144 decks2.11K decks
0.88lift
Mana Drain
6.3%inclusion62 decks988 decks
0.62lift
Deadly Rollick
6.1%inclusion67 decks1.11K decks
0.82lift
Negate
5.7%inclusion56 decks988 decks
0.51lift
Dinosaur Stampede
5.4%inclusion136 decks2.52K decks
27.3lift
Tail Swipe
5.3%inclusion134 decks2.52K decks
4.86lift
Naya Charm
5.3%inclusion111 decks2.11K decks
1.04lift
Unbury
2.1%inclusion2 decks95 decks
4.99lift
Harmonized Crescendo
1.1%inclusion1 decks94 decks
0.61lift
Ashling's Command
0.8%inclusion2 decks259 decks
0.40lift
Riverguard's Reflexes
0.4%inclusion1 decks225 decks
24.8lift
Giantfall
0.4%inclusion1 decks269 decks
1.75lift
Turtles Forever
0.2%inclusion1 decks557 decks
1.26lift
Feed the Flames
0.0%inclusion0 decks265 decks
0.00lift
Pyrrhic Strike
0.0%inclusion0 decks236 decks
0.00lift
Sorceries
Farseek
49%inclusion1.23K decks2.52K decks
1.12lift
Savage Order
47%inclusion1.17K decks2.52K decks
34.6lift
Rampant Growth
41%inclusion1.02K decks2.52K decks
1.27lift
Don't Move
34%inclusion713 decks2.11K decks
47.5lift
Kodama's Reach
33%inclusion823 decks2.52K decks
1.20lift
Nature's Lore
25%inclusion637 decks2.52K decks
0.75lift
Three Visits
21%inclusion516 decks2.52K decks
0.80lift
Thunderherd Migration
18%inclusion462 decks2.52K decks
13.2lift
Rishkar's Expertise
18%inclusion460 decks2.52K decks
1.82lift
Blasphemous Act
16%inclusion408 decks2.52K decks
0.60lift
Chandra's Ignition
16%inclusion390 decks2.52K decks
2.59lift
Savage Stomp
15%inclusion386 decks2.52K decks
13.8lift
Migration Path
14%inclusion362 decks2.52K decks
3.70lift
Commune with Dinosaurs
12%inclusion301 decks2.52K decks
23.8lift
Finale of Devastation
11%inclusion285 decks2.52K decks
1.87lift
Last March of the Ents
11%inclusion284 decks2.52K decks
3.81lift
Skyshroud Claim
11%inclusion281 decks2.52K decks
1.23lift
Triumphant Chomp
10%inclusion249 decks2.52K decks
30.5lift
Eerie Ultimatum
10%inclusion84 decks859 decks
1.31lift
Fiery Confluence
8.9%inclusion225 decks2.52K decks
6.23lift
Ruinous Ultimatum
7.0%inclusion60 decks859 decks
0.90lift
Explore
6.9%inclusion173 decks2.52K decks
0.73lift
Tasha's Hideous Laughter
6.7%inclusion66 decks988 decks
16.1lift
Contest of Claws
6.2%inclusion157 decks2.52K decks
7.20lift
Primevals' Glorious Rebirth
6.2%inclusion53 decks859 decks
1.05lift
Kindred Dominance
6.1%inclusion67 decks1.11K decks
1.53lift
Star of Extinction
6.0%inclusion150 decks2.52K decks
7.86lift
Austere Command
5.2%inclusion110 decks2.11K decks
0.68lift
Celestial Reunion
1.4%inclusion4 decks276 decks
2.34lift
Spry and Mighty
1.1%inclusion3 decks269 decks
4.06lift
Soul Immolation
1.1%inclusion3 decks269 decks
0.59lift
Bloodline Bidding
1.0%inclusion1 decks100 decks
0.34lift
Winnowing
0.4%inclusion1 decks242 decks
0.44lift
Utility Artifacts
Dino DNA
37%inclusion922 decks2.52K decks
54.1lift
The Skullspore Nexus
30%inclusion767 decks2.52K decks
10.7lift
Urza's Incubator
21%inclusion530 decks2.52K decks
2.91lift
Fist of Suns
19%inclusion162 decks858 decks
3.13lift
The Great Henge
18%inclusion460 decks2.52K decks
1.98lift
Herald's Horn
18%inclusion460 decks2.52K decks
1.99lift
Monster Manual
17%inclusion426 decks2.52K decks
5.82lift
Lightning Greaves
14%inclusion363 decks2.52K decks
0.67lift
Swiftfoot Boots
14%inclusion346 decks2.52K decks
0.62lift
Chimil, the Inner Sun
10%inclusion251 decks2.52K decks
3.83lift
Vanquisher's Banner
6.9%inclusion174 decks2.52K decks
1.82lift
Maskwood Nexus
5.9%inclusion148 decks2.52K decks
1.11lift
Lifecrafter's Bestiary
5.6%inclusion142 decks2.52K decks
3.04lift
Gathering Stone
1.8%inclusion5 decks281 decks
1.37lift
Mirrormind Crown
0.3%inclusion1 decks287 decks
0.59lift
Enchantments
Welcome to . . .
51%inclusion1.29K decks2.52K decks
38.1lift
Garruk's Uprising
49%inclusion1.24K decks2.52K decks
2.27lift
Rhythm of the Wild
48%inclusion1.20K decks2.52K decks
2.19lift
Life Finds a Way
27%inclusion679 decks2.52K decks
42.8lift
Poetic Ingenuity
22%inclusion566 decks2.52K decks
28.4lift
Descendants' Path
22%inclusion566 decks2.52K decks
8.56lift
Growing Rites of Itlimoc
18%inclusion444 decks2.52K decks
4.76lift
Leyline of the Guildpact
16%inclusion136 decks858 decks
1.06lift
Mirari's Wake
15%inclusion322 decks2.11K decks
1.69lift
Temur Ascendancy
14%inclusion141 decks988 decks
0.93lift
Unnatural Growth
13%inclusion325 decks2.52K decks
2.16lift
From the Rubble
11%inclusion242 decks2.11K decks
9.9lift
Leyline of Mutation
11%inclusion79 decks690 decks
2.83lift
Elemental Bond
10%inclusion242 decks2.52K decks
1.51lift
Kindred Discovery
8.6%inclusion85 decks988 decks
0.97lift
Pestilence
8.5%inclusion94 decks1.11K decks
9.13lift
Monstrous Vortex
8.4%inclusion191 decks2.28K decks
3.85lift
Annie Joins Up
7.7%inclusion155 decks2K decks
0.61lift
Warstorm Surge
7.6%inclusion191 decks2.52K decks
1.50lift
Guardian Project
7.4%inclusion186 decks2.52K decks
1.16lift
Defense of the Heart
6.7%inclusion168 decks2.52K decks
2.53lift
Up the Beanstalk
6.2%inclusion156 decks2.52K decks
1.51lift
Spelunking
6.1%inclusion153 decks2.52K decks
1.37lift
Lurking Predators
6.0%inclusion150 decks2.52K decks
3.83lift
Colossal Majesty
5.8%inclusion147 decks2.52K decks
2.12lift
Reflections of Littjara
5.1%inclusion50 decks988 decks
0.82lift
Springleaf Parade
1.1%inclusion3 decks281 decks
0.30lift
Mornsong Aria
1.0%inclusion1 decks102 decks
3.99lift
World War Hulk
0.7%inclusion3 decks418 decks
3.04lift
Lasting Tarfire
0.7%inclusion2 decks281 decks
0.24lift
Spiral into Solitude
0.4%inclusion1 decks225 decks
10.3lift
Prismatic Undercurrents
0.4%inclusion1 decks269 decks
0.29lift
Raiding Schemes
0.4%inclusion1 decks269 decks
0.43lift
Battles
Invasion of Ikoria
15%inclusion383 decks2.52K decks
4.87lift
Planeswalkers
Huatli, Dinosaur Knight
10%inclusion216 decks2.11K decks
28.1lift
Huatli, Warrior Poet
10%inclusion216 decks2.11K decks
15.3lift
Will Kenrith
9.0%inclusion89 decks988 decks
73.0lift
Oko, Lorwyn Liege
1.1%inclusion1 decks94 decks
2.16lift
Utility Lands
Rogue's Passage
30%inclusion751 decks2.52K decks
1.78lift
Mosswort Bridge
23%inclusion571 decks2.52K decks
2.05lift
Restless Ridgeline
22%inclusion547 decks2.52K decks
11.8lift
Reliquary Tower
21%inclusion516 decks2.52K decks
0.84lift
Kessig Wolf Run
19%inclusion468 decks2.52K decks
1.27lift
Temple of the False God
16%inclusion398 decks2.52K decks
1.91lift
Yavimaya, Cradle of Growth
13%inclusion316 decks2.52K decks
0.78lift
Three Tree City
11%inclusion230 decks2.17K decks
1.93lift
Hidden Nursery
7.0%inclusion175 decks2.52K decks
7.19lift
Boseiju, Who Endures
6.7%inclusion168 decks2.52K decks
0.40lift
Restless Prairie
6.6%inclusion139 decks2.11K decks
7.60lift
Hidden Volcano
6.1%inclusion154 decks2.52K decks
7.18lift
Bojuka Bog
6.1%inclusion67 decks1.11K decks
0.48lift
Hidden Courtyard
5.6%inclusion118 decks2.11K decks
11.1lift
Arch of Orazca
5.0%inclusion127 decks2.52K decks
7.56lift
Mana Artifacts
Sol Ring
84%inclusion2.12K decks2.52K decks
1.05lift
Arcane Signet
73%inclusion1.83K decks2.52K decks
1.02lift
Chromatic Lantern
27%inclusion687 decks2.52K decks
1.26lift
Commander's Sphere
15%inclusion369 decks2.52K decks
1.33lift
Fellwar Stone
13%inclusion337 decks2.52K decks
0.72lift
Timeless Lotus
10%inclusion90 decks858 decks
0.98lift
Progenitor's Icon
10%inclusion254 decks2.52K decks
11.5lift
Patchwork Banner
10%inclusion214 decks2.16K decks
2.37lift
Gruul Signet
8.1%inclusion203 decks2.52K decks
0.88lift
Herd Heirloom
6.9%inclusion102 decks1.48K decks
1.63lift
Thought Vessel
6.0%inclusion152 decks2.52K decks
0.78lift
Talisman of Impulse
5.4%inclusion136 decks2.52K decks
0.51lift
Firdoch Core
0.7%inclusion2 decks276 decks
0.54lift
Lands
Command Tower
90%inclusion2.27K decks2.52K decks
1.02lift
Path of Ancestry
49%inclusion1.24K decks2.52K decks
1.60lift
Exotic Orchard
48%inclusion1.21K decks2.52K decks
0.93lift
Jungle Shrine
46%inclusion962 decks2.11K decks
1.45lift
Cinder Glade
40%inclusion1.01K decks2.52K decks
1.06lift
Canopy Vista
38%inclusion805 decks2.11K decks
1.49lift
Ketria Triome
37%inclusion366 decks988 decks
1.21lift
Stomping Ground
33%inclusion832 decks2.52K decks
0.80lift
Unclaimed Territory
32%inclusion798 decks2.52K decks
3.34lift
Ziatora's Proving Ground
31%inclusion346 decks1.11K decks
1.15lift
Indatha Triome
31%inclusion268 decks859 decks
1.39lift
Zagoth Triome
31%inclusion270 decks883 decks
1.42lift
Cavern of Souls
30%inclusion760 decks2.52K decks
3.01lift
Jetmir's Garden
30%inclusion637 decks2.11K decks
1.05lift
Breeding Pool
30%inclusion298 decks988 decks
0.81lift
The World Tree
30%inclusion256 decks858 decks
1.06lift
Evolving Wilds
30%inclusion749 decks2.52K decks
1.14lift
Clifftop Retreat
29%inclusion619 decks2.11K decks
1.63lift
Secluded Courtyard
29%inclusion725 decks2.52K decks
3.16lift
Overgrown Tomb
28%inclusion311 decks1.11K decks
0.81lift
Temple Garden
28%inclusion582 decks2.11K decks
0.79lift
Spara's Headquarters
27%inclusion239 decks886 decks
1.24lift
Sacred Foundry
25%inclusion527 decks2.11K decks
0.82lift
Raugrin Triome
24%inclusion216 decks886 decks
1.32lift
Savai Triome
23%inclusion199 decks859 decks
1.43lift
Rootbound Crag
22%inclusion552 decks2.52K decks
0.78lift
Steam Vents
22%inclusion214 decks988 decks
0.69lift
Hallowed Fountain
21%inclusion187 decks886 decks
0.77lift
Game Trail
21%inclusion520 decks2.52K decks
1.37lift
Fortified Village
20%inclusion432 decks2.11K decks
2.36lift
Wooded Foothills
20%inclusion513 decks2.52K decks
0.66lift
Terramorphic Expanse
20%inclusion507 decks2.52K decks
1.05lift
Frontier Bivouac
20%inclusion198 decks988 decks
0.70lift
Blood Crypt
20%inclusion216 decks1.11K decks
0.67lift
Savage Lands
19%inclusion208 decks1.11K decks
0.87lift
Myriad Landscape
18%inclusion458 decks2.52K decks
1.59lift
Furycalm Snarl
18%inclusion384 decks2.11K decks
2.84lift
Godless Shrine
17%inclusion149 decks859 decks
0.69lift
Windswept Heath
16%inclusion409 decks2.52K decks
0.77lift
Watery Grave
16%inclusion143 decks883 decks
0.65lift
Rockfall Vale
16%inclusion396 decks2.52K decks
0.74lift
Opulent Palace
15%inclusion129 decks883 decks
0.88lift
Spire Garden
14%inclusion364 decks2.52K decks
0.66lift
Arid Mesa
14%inclusion363 decks2.52K decks
0.82lift
Xander's Lounge
14%inclusion126 decks883 decks
1.14lift
Mystic Monastery
14%inclusion126 decks886 decks
0.95lift
Raffine's Tower
14%inclusion122 decks858 decks
1.09lift
Sunpetal Grove
14%inclusion286 decks2.11K decks
0.82lift
Seaside Citadel
13%inclusion116 decks886 decks
0.82lift
Bountiful Promenade
13%inclusion272 decks2.11K decks
0.83lift