Owen Grady, Raptor Trainer (Card)

Owen Grady, Raptor Trainer
0.14%inclusion2.52K decks1.75M decks
Background image for Building a Dinosaur EDH Deck with Yidris and Keruga
Jonathan Zucchetti
Apr 30, 2025
Building a Dinosaur EDH Deck with Yidris and Keruga
Wanna build a Dinosaur deck with a twist? Then try this four-color deck with Yidris at the helm and Keruga in the companion zone.
Background image for Top 10 Dinosaurs
DougY
Dec 20, 2024
Top 10 Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs debut in a Naya-centric top 10 list.
Cardsphere
Archidekt
Commander Spellbook
Moxfield
Scryfall
MTGStocks
Pantlaza, Sun-Favored
1.8%inclusion550 decks30.3K decks
Gishath, Sun's Avatar
1.9%inclusion382 decks19.8K decks
Morophon, the Boundless
2.4%inclusion324 decks13.5K decks
Indoraptor, the Perfect Hybrid
2.3%inclusion218 decks9.60K decks
Atla Palani, Nest Tender
1.1%inclusion188 decks17.8K decks
Esika, God of the Tree
0.7%inclusion163 decks22.2K decks
Jodah, the Unifier
0.5%inclusion136 decks27.6K decks
Kenrith, the Returned King
0.2%inclusion66 decks28K decks
Zacama, Primal Calamity
1.1%inclusion44 decks3.86K decks
Huatli, Poet of Unity
2.6%inclusion36 decks1.40K decks
Rukarumel, Biologist
0.8%inclusion33 decks3.91K decks
Etali, Primal Conqueror
0.2%inclusion32 decks13.9K decks
Zilortha, Strength Incarnate
0.9%inclusion30 decks3.35K decks
Cecily, Haunted Mage // Othelm, Sigardian Outcast
1.1%inclusion25 decks2.20K decks
Yidris, Maelstrom Wielder
0.2%inclusion20 decks8.41K decks
Kalamax, the Stormsire
0.2%inclusion17 decks8.03K decks
Sisay, Weatherlight Captain
0.1%inclusion14 decks16.2K decks
Aragorn, the Uniter
0.1%inclusion14 decks20.3K decks
Illuna, Apex of Wishes
0.4%inclusion13 decks3.45K decks
Jodah, Archmage Eternal
0.1%inclusion12 decks8.47K decks
New Cards
Chronicle of Victory
5.4%inclusion16 decks295 decks
2.46lift
Collective Inferno
3.8%inclusion11 decks289 decks
2.20lift
Triceraton Commander
3.3%inclusion6 decks181 decks
22.6lift
Rime Chill
2.2%inclusion2 decks89 decks
20.1lift
Wild Unraveling
2.2%inclusion2 decks92 decks
13.9lift
High Lift Cards
Blue, Loyal Raptor
94%inclusion929 decks992 decks
99+lift
Ian Malcolm, Chaotician
22%inclusion222 decks992 decks
99+lift
Ellie and Alan, Paleontologists
41%inclusion369 decks890 decks
99+lift
Indoraptor, the Perfect Hybrid
51%inclusion570 decks1.11K decks
99+lift
Grim Giganotosaurus
59%inclusion655 decks1.11K decks
99+lift
Indominus Rex, Alpha
58%inclusion515 decks887 decks
99+lift
Henry Wu, InGen Geneticist
23%inclusion205 decks887 decks
99+lift
Compy Swarm
50%inclusion558 decks1.11K decks
97.2lift
Cresting Mosasaurus
63%inclusion623 decks992 decks
95.3lift
Spitting Dilophosaurus
53%inclusion589 decks1.11K decks
67.5lift
Top Cards
Blue, Loyal Raptor
94%inclusion929 decks992 decks
99+lift
Etali, Primal Storm
70%inclusion1.76K decks2.52K decks
6.84lift
Zacama, Primal Calamity
70%inclusion1.47K decks2.11K decks
9.12lift
Cresting Mosasaurus
63%inclusion623 decks992 decks
95.3lift
Gishath, Sun's Avatar
60%inclusion1.28K decks2.11K decks
15.2lift
Grim Giganotosaurus
59%inclusion655 decks1.11K decks
99+lift
Indominus Rex, Alpha
58%inclusion515 decks887 decks
99+lift
Ghalta, Primal Hunger
58%inclusion1.46K decks2.52K decks
8.10lift
Regisaur Alpha
56%inclusion1.42K decks2.52K decks
17.7lift
Cultivate
56%inclusion1.41K decks2.52K decks
1.32lift
Game Changers
Smothering Tithe
12%inclusion253 decks2.11K decks
0.72lift
Teferi's Protection
12%inclusion252 decks2.11K decks
0.76lift
Cyclonic Rift
11%inclusion110 decks992 decks
0.60lift
Demonic Tutor
11%inclusion119 decks1.11K decks
0.60lift
Worldly Tutor
10%inclusion258 decks2.52K decks
0.87lift
Rhystic Study
10%inclusion99 decks992 decks
0.49lift
Farewell
7.3%inclusion155 decks2.11K decks
0.87lift
Fierce Guardianship
7.1%inclusion70 decks992 decks
0.48lift
Vampiric Tutor
6.2%inclusion69 decks1.11K decks
0.46lift
Enlightened Tutor
5.1%inclusion108 decks2.11K decks
0.38lift
Creatures
Hunting Velociraptor
56%inclusion1.40K decks2.52K decks
27.6lift
Ghalta, Stampede Tyrant
55%inclusion1.39K decks2.52K decks
13.3lift
Zetalpa, Primal Dawn
53%inclusion1.12K decks2.11K decks
10.7lift
Earthshaker Dreadmaw
53%inclusion1.33K decks2.52K decks
17.0lift
Ravenous Tyrannosaurus
51%inclusion1.29K decks2.52K decks
34.8lift
Ghalta and Mavren
50%inclusion1.07K decks2.11K decks
8.92lift
Wakening Sun's Avatar
50%inclusion1.06K decks2.11K decks
10.9lift
Etali, Primal Conqueror
47%inclusion1.19K decks2.52K decks
5.98lift
Hulking Raptor
47%inclusion1.19K decks2.52K decks
15.7lift
Temple Altisaur
47%inclusion995 decks2.11K decks
9.8lift
Otepec Huntmaster
45%inclusion1.13K decks2.52K decks
17.7lift
Pantlaza, Sun-Favored
44%inclusion937 decks2.11K decks
16.0lift
Wayward Swordtooth
44%inclusion1.11K decks2.52K decks
9.12lift
Wrathful Raptors
44%inclusion1.11K decks2.52K decks
15.4lift
Kinjalli's Sunwing
41%inclusion872 decks2.11K decks
10.1lift
Polyraptor
40%inclusion1.01K decks2.52K decks
20.4lift
Quartzwood Crasher
40%inclusion997 decks2.52K decks
9.9lift
Swooping Pteranodon
39%inclusion833 decks2.11K decks
41.6lift
Palani's Hatcher
39%inclusion990 decks2.52K decks
19.0lift
Curious Altisaur
39%inclusion987 decks2.52K decks
15.2lift
Nezahal, Primal Tide
38%inclusion372 decks992 decks
23.2lift
Apex Altisaur
34%inclusion865 decks2.52K decks
9.7lift
Topiary Stomper
34%inclusion847 decks2.52K decks
8.47lift
Verdant Sun's Avatar
33%inclusion839 decks2.52K decks
13.3lift
Dinosaurs on a Spaceship
33%inclusion699 decks2.11K decks
16.0lift
Bonehoard Dracosaur
33%inclusion827 decks2.52K decks
10.4lift
Thrashing Brontodon
33%inclusion824 decks2.52K decks
13.3lift
Marauding Raptor
32%inclusion814 decks2.52K decks
12.4lift
Atzocan Seer
31%inclusion650 decks2.11K decks
10.1lift
Itzquinth, Firstborn of Gishath
30%inclusion764 decks2.52K decks
22.7lift
Sunfrill Imitator
30%inclusion763 decks2.52K decks
14.7lift
Trumpeting Carnosaur
28%inclusion716 decks2.52K decks
9.46lift
Scion of Calamity
28%inclusion701 decks2.52K decks
12.8lift
Vaultborn Tyrant
28%inclusion665 decks2.41K decks
10.1lift
Kinjalli's Caller
27%inclusion580 decks2.11K decks
12.8lift
Scytheclaw Raptor
27%inclusion687 decks2.52K decks
16.3lift
Huatli, Poet of Unity
27%inclusion562 decks2.11K decks
20.8lift
Regal Behemoth
26%inclusion666 decks2.52K decks
10.2lift
Ranging Raptors
26%inclusion648 decks2.52K decks
10.3lift
Ripjaw Raptor
25%inclusion628 decks2.52K decks
9.38lift
Intrepid Paleontologist
25%inclusion620 decks2.52K decks
21.6lift
Runic Armasaur
24%inclusion594 decks2.52K decks
9.9lift
Knight of the Stampede
24%inclusion594 decks2.52K decks
24.4lift
Ixalli's Lorekeeper
23%inclusion585 decks2.52K decks
18.5lift
Bronzebeak Foragers
23%inclusion486 decks2.11K decks
7.08lift
Atla Palani, Nest Tender
22%inclusion457 decks2.11K decks
16.2lift
Roaming Throne
21%inclusion528 decks2.52K decks
2.42lift
Rampaging Ferocidon
21%inclusion526 decks2.52K decks
29.6lift
Belligerent Yearling
21%inclusion520 decks2.52K decks
26.9lift
Dinosaur Egg
20%inclusion495 decks2.52K decks
16.9lift
Instants
Permission Denied
44%inclusion395 decks890 decks
65.3lift
Path to Exile
41%inclusion876 decks2.11K decks
1.06lift
Swords to Plowshares
34%inclusion719 decks2.11K decks
0.72lift
Akroma's Will
29%inclusion608 decks2.11K decks
3.08lift
Heroic Intervention
28%inclusion703 decks2.52K decks
0.94lift
Counterspell
25%inclusion252 decks992 decks
0.99lift
Return of the Wildspeaker
21%inclusion523 decks2.52K decks
1.73lift
Generous Gift
20%inclusion420 decks2.11K decks
1.35lift
Beast Within
17%inclusion423 decks2.52K decks
0.54lift
Chaos Warp
16%inclusion392 decks2.52K decks
0.73lift
Boros Charm
11%inclusion238 decks2.11K decks
0.84lift
Deflecting Swat
9.4%inclusion237 decks2.52K decks
0.68lift
Assassin's Trophy
8.4%inclusion93 decks1.11K decks
0.37lift
Growth Spiral
8.2%inclusion81 decks992 decks
0.51lift
Entish Restoration
7.6%inclusion191 decks2.52K decks
1.22lift
Get Lost
7.4%inclusion156 decks2.11K decks
5.75lift
Flawless Maneuver
6.8%inclusion144 decks2.11K decks
0.88lift
Mana Drain
6.3%inclusion62 decks992 decks
0.62lift
Deadly Rollick
6.0%inclusion67 decks1.11K decks
0.82lift
Negate
5.6%inclusion56 decks992 decks
0.51lift
Dinosaur Stampede
5.4%inclusion135 decks2.52K decks
27.1lift
Tail Swipe
5.3%inclusion133 decks2.52K decks
4.83lift
Naya Charm
5.3%inclusion111 decks2.11K decks
1.04lift
Unbury
2.0%inclusion2 decks100 decks
4.68lift
Harmonized Crescendo
1.0%inclusion1 decks99 decks
0.58lift
Ashling's Command
0.8%inclusion2 decks263 decks
0.39lift
Riverguard's Reflexes
0.4%inclusion1 decks233 decks
22.4lift
Giantfall
0.4%inclusion1 decks277 decks
1.71lift
Turtles Forever
0.2%inclusion1 decks562 decks
1.24lift
Feed the Flames
0.0%inclusion0 decks273 decks
0.00lift
Pyrrhic Strike
0.0%inclusion0 decks244 decks
0.00lift
Sorceries
Farseek
49%inclusion1.23K decks2.52K decks
1.12lift
Savage Order
47%inclusion1.18K decks2.52K decks
34.8lift
Rampant Growth
41%inclusion1.02K decks2.52K decks
1.27lift
Don't Move
34%inclusion716 decks2.11K decks
47.7lift
Kodama's Reach
33%inclusion823 decks2.52K decks
1.19lift
Nature's Lore
25%inclusion640 decks2.52K decks
0.75lift
Three Visits
21%inclusion517 decks2.52K decks
0.80lift
Thunderherd Migration
18%inclusion462 decks2.52K decks
13.2lift
Rishkar's Expertise
18%inclusion458 decks2.52K decks
1.81lift
Blasphemous Act
16%inclusion407 decks2.52K decks
0.59lift
Chandra's Ignition
16%inclusion391 decks2.52K decks
2.60lift
Savage Stomp
15%inclusion387 decks2.52K decks
13.8lift
Migration Path
14%inclusion362 decks2.52K decks
3.69lift
Commune with Dinosaurs
12%inclusion301 decks2.52K decks
23.8lift
Finale of Devastation
11%inclusion287 decks2.52K decks
1.88lift
Last March of the Ents
11%inclusion284 decks2.52K decks
3.81lift
Skyshroud Claim
11%inclusion280 decks2.52K decks
1.23lift
Triumphant Chomp
10%inclusion250 decks2.52K decks
30.6lift
Eerie Ultimatum
10%inclusion84 decks863 decks
1.30lift
Fiery Confluence
9.0%inclusion226 decks2.52K decks
6.25lift
Ruinous Ultimatum
7.0%inclusion60 decks863 decks
0.90lift
Explore
6.9%inclusion173 decks2.52K decks
0.73lift
Tasha's Hideous Laughter
6.8%inclusion67 decks992 decks
16.3lift
Contest of Claws
6.3%inclusion158 decks2.52K decks
7.25lift
Primevals' Glorious Rebirth
6.1%inclusion53 decks863 decks
1.05lift
Kindred Dominance
6.0%inclusion67 decks1.11K decks
1.53lift
Star of Extinction
6.0%inclusion151 decks2.52K decks
7.90lift
Austere Command
5.2%inclusion109 decks2.11K decks
0.68lift
Celestial Reunion
1.4%inclusion4 decks284 decks
2.27lift
Spry and Mighty
1.1%inclusion3 decks277 decks
3.96lift
Soul Immolation
1.1%inclusion3 decks277 decks
0.57lift
Bloodline Bidding
1.0%inclusion1 decks105 decks
0.32lift
Winnowing
0.4%inclusion1 decks250 decks
0.43lift
Utility Artifacts
Dino DNA
37%inclusion921 decks2.52K decks
54.0lift
The Skullspore Nexus
30%inclusion768 decks2.52K decks
10.7lift
Urza's Incubator
21%inclusion532 decks2.52K decks
2.92lift
Fist of Suns
19%inclusion164 decks862 decks
3.16lift
The Great Henge
18%inclusion461 decks2.52K decks
1.99lift
Herald's Horn
18%inclusion460 decks2.52K decks
1.99lift
Monster Manual
17%inclusion426 decks2.52K decks
5.82lift
Lightning Greaves
14%inclusion362 decks2.52K decks
0.67lift
Swiftfoot Boots
14%inclusion346 decks2.52K decks
0.62lift
Chimil, the Inner Sun
10%inclusion251 decks2.52K decks
3.83lift
Vanquisher's Banner
6.9%inclusion175 decks2.52K decks
1.83lift
Maskwood Nexus
5.8%inclusion147 decks2.52K decks
1.11lift
Lifecrafter's Bestiary
5.6%inclusion142 decks2.52K decks
3.04lift
Gathering Stone
1.7%inclusion5 decks289 decks
1.33lift
Mirrormind Crown
0.3%inclusion1 decks295 decks
0.57lift
Enchantments
Welcome to . . .
52%inclusion1.30K decks2.52K decks
38.1lift
Garruk's Uprising
49%inclusion1.24K decks2.52K decks
2.26lift
Rhythm of the Wild
48%inclusion1.20K decks2.52K decks
2.19lift
Life Finds a Way
27%inclusion681 decks2.52K decks
42.8lift
Descendants' Path
23%inclusion568 decks2.52K decks
8.58lift
Poetic Ingenuity
22%inclusion566 decks2.52K decks
28.4lift
Growing Rites of Itlimoc
18%inclusion443 decks2.52K decks
4.74lift
Leyline of the Guildpact
16%inclusion137 decks862 decks
1.06lift
Mirari's Wake
15%inclusion322 decks2.11K decks
1.69lift
Temur Ascendancy
14%inclusion141 decks992 decks
0.93lift
Unnatural Growth
13%inclusion325 decks2.52K decks
2.16lift
Leyline of Mutation
12%inclusion80 decks694 decks
2.85lift
From the Rubble
11%inclusion242 decks2.11K decks
9.9lift
Elemental Bond
10%inclusion241 decks2.52K decks
1.50lift
Kindred Discovery
8.7%inclusion86 decks992 decks
0.98lift
Pestilence
8.5%inclusion94 decks1.11K decks
9.11lift
Monstrous Vortex
8.4%inclusion192 decks2.29K decks
3.86lift
Annie Joins Up
7.7%inclusion155 decks2.01K decks
0.61lift
Warstorm Surge
7.5%inclusion190 decks2.52K decks
1.49lift
Guardian Project
7.3%inclusion185 decks2.52K decks
1.15lift
Defense of the Heart
6.7%inclusion168 decks2.52K decks
2.53lift
Up the Beanstalk
6.2%inclusion156 decks2.52K decks
1.51lift
Spelunking
6.1%inclusion153 decks2.52K decks
1.37lift
Lurking Predators
6.0%inclusion151 decks2.52K decks
3.85lift
Colossal Majesty
5.8%inclusion146 decks2.52K decks
2.10lift
Reflections of Littjara
5.0%inclusion50 decks992 decks
0.82lift
Springleaf Parade
1.0%inclusion3 decks289 decks
0.29lift
Mornsong Aria
0.9%inclusion1 decks107 decks
3.81lift
World War Hulk
0.7%inclusion3 decks424 decks
2.98lift
Lasting Tarfire
0.7%inclusion2 decks289 decks
0.24lift
Spiral into Solitude
0.4%inclusion1 decks233 decks
9.8lift
Prismatic Undercurrents
0.4%inclusion1 decks277 decks
0.28lift
Raiding Schemes
0.4%inclusion1 decks277 decks
0.41lift
Battles
Invasion of Ikoria
15%inclusion381 decks2.52K decks
4.84lift
Planeswalkers
Huatli, Dinosaur Knight
10%inclusion216 decks2.11K decks
28.1lift
Huatli, Warrior Poet
10%inclusion216 decks2.11K decks
15.3lift
Will Kenrith
9.0%inclusion89 decks992 decks
72.5lift
Oko, Lorwyn Liege
1.0%inclusion1 decks99 decks
2.04lift
Utility Lands
Rogue's Passage
30%inclusion751 decks2.52K decks
1.78lift
Mosswort Bridge
23%inclusion572 decks2.52K decks
2.06lift
Restless Ridgeline
22%inclusion548 decks2.52K decks
11.8lift
Reliquary Tower
21%inclusion517 decks2.52K decks
0.84lift
Kessig Wolf Run
19%inclusion469 decks2.52K decks
1.27lift
Temple of the False God
16%inclusion397 decks2.52K decks
1.91lift
Yavimaya, Cradle of Growth
13%inclusion317 decks2.52K decks
0.78lift
Three Tree City
11%inclusion232 decks2.17K decks
1.94lift
Hidden Nursery
6.9%inclusion175 decks2.52K decks
7.20lift
Boseiju, Who Endures
6.7%inclusion169 decks2.52K decks
0.40lift
Restless Prairie
6.5%inclusion137 decks2.11K decks
7.48lift
Bojuka Bog
6.1%inclusion68 decks1.11K decks
0.49lift
Hidden Volcano
6.1%inclusion153 decks2.52K decks
7.13lift
Hidden Courtyard
5.6%inclusion118 decks2.11K decks
11.1lift
Arch of Orazca
5.0%inclusion127 decks2.52K decks
7.55lift
Mana Artifacts
Sol Ring
84%inclusion2.12K decks2.52K decks
1.05lift
Arcane Signet
73%inclusion1.83K decks2.52K decks
1.02lift
Chromatic Lantern
27%inclusion689 decks2.52K decks
1.26lift
Commander's Sphere
15%inclusion369 decks2.52K decks
1.33lift
Fellwar Stone
13%inclusion337 decks2.52K decks
0.72lift
Timeless Lotus
11%inclusion91 decks862 decks
0.98lift
Progenitor's Icon
10%inclusion255 decks2.52K decks
11.6lift
Patchwork Banner
10%inclusion216 decks2.16K decks
2.38lift
Gruul Signet
8.1%inclusion204 decks2.52K decks
0.88lift
Herd Heirloom
6.8%inclusion101 decks1.48K decks
1.61lift
Thought Vessel
6.0%inclusion152 decks2.52K decks
0.78lift
Talisman of Impulse
5.4%inclusion136 decks2.52K decks
0.51lift
Firdoch Core
0.4%inclusion1 decks284 decks
0.26lift
Lands
Command Tower
90%inclusion2.28K decks2.52K decks
1.02lift
Path of Ancestry
49%inclusion1.24K decks2.52K decks
1.60lift
Exotic Orchard
48%inclusion1.21K decks2.52K decks
0.93lift
Jungle Shrine
46%inclusion965 decks2.11K decks
1.45lift
Cinder Glade
40%inclusion1.01K decks2.52K decks
1.06lift
Canopy Vista
38%inclusion806 decks2.11K decks
1.49lift
Ketria Triome
37%inclusion369 decks992 decks
1.22lift
Stomping Ground
33%inclusion833 decks2.52K decks
0.80lift
Unclaimed Territory
32%inclusion801 decks2.52K decks
3.35lift
Indatha Triome
31%inclusion271 decks863 decks
1.41lift
Ziatora's Proving Ground
31%inclusion346 decks1.11K decks
1.15lift
Zagoth Triome
31%inclusion273 decks887 decks
1.43lift
Breeding Pool
30%inclusion300 decks992 decks
0.81lift
Cavern of Souls
30%inclusion761 decks2.52K decks
3.01lift
Jetmir's Garden
30%inclusion637 decks2.11K decks
1.05lift
The World Tree
30%inclusion258 decks862 decks
1.07lift
Evolving Wilds
30%inclusion749 decks2.52K decks
1.14lift
Clifftop Retreat
29%inclusion619 decks2.11K decks
1.63lift
Secluded Courtyard
29%inclusion729 decks2.52K decks
3.17lift
Overgrown Tomb
28%inclusion313 decks1.11K decks
0.81lift
Temple Garden
28%inclusion584 decks2.11K decks
0.79lift
Spara's Headquarters
27%inclusion240 decks890 decks
1.24lift
Sacred Foundry
25%inclusion527 decks2.11K decks
0.82lift
Raugrin Triome
24%inclusion218 decks890 decks
1.33lift
Savai Triome
23%inclusion200 decks863 decks
1.43lift
Rootbound Crag
22%inclusion551 decks2.52K decks
0.78lift
Steam Vents
22%inclusion215 decks992 decks
0.69lift
Hallowed Fountain
21%inclusion187 decks890 decks
0.77lift
Game Trail
21%inclusion522 decks2.52K decks
1.38lift
Fortified Village
21%inclusion434 decks2.11K decks
2.37lift
Wooded Foothills
20%inclusion513 decks2.52K decks
0.65lift
Terramorphic Expanse
20%inclusion507 decks2.52K decks
1.05lift
Frontier Bivouac
20%inclusion198 decks992 decks
0.70lift
Blood Crypt
19%inclusion216 decks1.11K decks
0.67lift
Savage Lands
19%inclusion208 decks1.11K decks
0.86lift
Furycalm Snarl
18%inclusion386 decks2.11K decks
2.85lift
Myriad Landscape
18%inclusion459 decks2.52K decks
1.59lift
Godless Shrine
17%inclusion149 decks863 decks
0.68lift
Windswept Heath
16%inclusion410 decks2.52K decks
0.77lift
Watery Grave
16%inclusion143 decks887 decks
0.65lift
Rockfall Vale
16%inclusion394 decks2.52K decks
0.74lift
Opulent Palace
15%inclusion129 decks887 decks
0.88lift
Spire Garden
14%inclusion364 decks2.52K decks
0.66lift
Arid Mesa
14%inclusion363 decks2.52K decks
0.82lift
Xander's Lounge
14%inclusion126 decks887 decks
1.13lift
Mystic Monastery
14%inclusion126 decks890 decks
0.95lift
Raffine's Tower
14%inclusion122 decks862 decks
1.08lift
Sunpetal Grove
13%inclusion284 decks2.11K decks
0.81lift
Seaside Citadel
13%inclusion116 decks890 decks
0.81lift
Bountiful Promenade
13%inclusion272 decks2.11K decks
0.83lift