Owen Grady, Raptor Trainer (Card)

Owen Grady, Raptor Trainer
0.14%inclusion2.52K decks1.75M decks
Background image for Building a Dinosaur EDH Deck with Yidris and Keruga
Jonathan Zucchetti
Apr 30, 2025
Building a Dinosaur EDH Deck with Yidris and Keruga
Wanna build a Dinosaur deck with a twist? Then try this four-color deck with Yidris at the helm and Keruga in the companion zone.
Background image for Top 10 Dinosaurs
DougY
Dec 20, 2024
Top 10 Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs debut in a Naya-centric top 10 list.
Cardsphere
Archidekt
Commander Spellbook
Moxfield
Scryfall
MTGStocks
Pantlaza, Sun-Favored
1.8%inclusion550 decks30.3K decks
Gishath, Sun's Avatar
1.9%inclusion383 decks19.9K decks
Morophon, the Boundless
2.4%inclusion323 decks13.5K decks
Indoraptor, the Perfect Hybrid
2.3%inclusion218 decks9.61K decks
Atla Palani, Nest Tender
1.1%inclusion188 decks17.8K decks
Esika, God of the Tree
0.7%inclusion164 decks22.2K decks
Jodah, the Unifier
0.5%inclusion136 decks27.6K decks
Kenrith, the Returned King
0.2%inclusion66 decks28K decks
Zacama, Primal Calamity
1.1%inclusion44 decks3.86K decks
Huatli, Poet of Unity
2.6%inclusion36 decks1.41K decks
Rukarumel, Biologist
0.8%inclusion33 decks3.92K decks
Etali, Primal Conqueror
0.2%inclusion32 decks13.9K decks
Zilortha, Strength Incarnate
0.9%inclusion31 decks3.36K decks
Cecily, Haunted Mage // Othelm, Sigardian Outcast
1.1%inclusion25 decks2.20K decks
Yidris, Maelstrom Wielder
0.2%inclusion20 decks8.42K decks
Kalamax, the Stormsire
0.2%inclusion17 decks8.04K decks
Aragorn, the Uniter
0.1%inclusion15 decks20.3K decks
Sisay, Weatherlight Captain
0.1%inclusion14 decks16.2K decks
Illuna, Apex of Wishes
0.4%inclusion13 decks3.46K decks
Jodah, Archmage Eternal
0.1%inclusion12 decks8.47K decks
New Cards
Chronicle of Victory
5.3%inclusion16 decks304 decks
2.38lift
Collective Inferno
3.7%inclusion11 decks298 decks
2.12lift
Triceraton Commander
3.2%inclusion6 decks188 decks
21.4lift
Rime Chill
2.2%inclusion2 decks92 decks
19.8lift
Wild Unraveling
2.1%inclusion2 decks95 decks
13.3lift
High Lift Cards
Blue, Loyal Raptor
94%inclusion930 decks993 decks
99+lift
Ian Malcolm, Chaotician
22%inclusion222 decks993 decks
99+lift
Ellie and Alan, Paleontologists
41%inclusion369 decks891 decks
99+lift
Indoraptor, the Perfect Hybrid
51%inclusion570 decks1.11K decks
99+lift
Grim Giganotosaurus
59%inclusion655 decks1.11K decks
99+lift
Indominus Rex, Alpha
58%inclusion515 decks887 decks
99+lift
Henry Wu, InGen Geneticist
23%inclusion205 decks887 decks
99+lift
Compy Swarm
50%inclusion558 decks1.11K decks
97.5lift
Cresting Mosasaurus
63%inclusion623 decks993 decks
95.2lift
Spitting Dilophosaurus
53%inclusion590 decks1.11K decks
67.3lift
Top Cards
Blue, Loyal Raptor
94%inclusion930 decks993 decks
99+lift
Etali, Primal Storm
70%inclusion1.76K decks2.52K decks
6.84lift
Zacama, Primal Calamity
70%inclusion1.47K decks2.12K decks
9.12lift
Cresting Mosasaurus
63%inclusion623 decks993 decks
95.2lift
Gishath, Sun's Avatar
60%inclusion1.28K decks2.12K decks
15.2lift
Grim Giganotosaurus
59%inclusion655 decks1.11K decks
99+lift
Indominus Rex, Alpha
58%inclusion515 decks887 decks
99+lift
Ghalta, Primal Hunger
58%inclusion1.46K decks2.52K decks
8.09lift
Regisaur Alpha
56%inclusion1.42K decks2.52K decks
17.6lift
Cultivate
56%inclusion1.41K decks2.52K decks
1.31lift
Game Changers
Smothering Tithe
12%inclusion253 decks2.12K decks
0.72lift
Teferi's Protection
12%inclusion251 decks2.12K decks
0.76lift
Cyclonic Rift
11%inclusion110 decks993 decks
0.60lift
Demonic Tutor
11%inclusion119 decks1.11K decks
0.60lift
Worldly Tutor
10%inclusion260 decks2.52K decks
0.87lift
Rhystic Study
10%inclusion99 decks993 decks
0.49lift
Farewell
7.3%inclusion155 decks2.12K decks
0.87lift
Fierce Guardianship
7.0%inclusion70 decks993 decks
0.48lift
Vampiric Tutor
6.2%inclusion69 decks1.11K decks
0.46lift
Enlightened Tutor
5.2%inclusion109 decks2.12K decks
0.38lift
Creatures
Hunting Velociraptor
56%inclusion1.41K decks2.52K decks
27.6lift
Ghalta, Stampede Tyrant
55%inclusion1.39K decks2.52K decks
13.2lift
Zetalpa, Primal Dawn
53%inclusion1.12K decks2.12K decks
10.7lift
Earthshaker Dreadmaw
53%inclusion1.34K decks2.52K decks
17.0lift
Ravenous Tyrannosaurus
51%inclusion1.29K decks2.52K decks
34.7lift
Ghalta and Mavren
50%inclusion1.07K decks2.12K decks
8.91lift
Wakening Sun's Avatar
50%inclusion1.06K decks2.12K decks
10.9lift
Hulking Raptor
47%inclusion1.19K decks2.52K decks
15.8lift
Temple Altisaur
47%inclusion996 decks2.12K decks
9.8lift
Etali, Primal Conqueror
47%inclusion1.19K decks2.52K decks
5.97lift
Otepec Huntmaster
45%inclusion1.13K decks2.52K decks
17.7lift
Pantlaza, Sun-Favored
44%inclusion938 decks2.12K decks
16.0lift
Wrathful Raptors
44%inclusion1.11K decks2.52K decks
15.4lift
Wayward Swordtooth
44%inclusion1.11K decks2.52K decks
9.11lift
Kinjalli's Sunwing
41%inclusion871 decks2.12K decks
10.1lift
Polyraptor
40%inclusion1.01K decks2.52K decks
20.4lift
Quartzwood Crasher
40%inclusion998 decks2.52K decks
9.9lift
Swooping Pteranodon
39%inclusion832 decks2.12K decks
41.5lift
Palani's Hatcher
39%inclusion991 decks2.52K decks
19.0lift
Curious Altisaur
39%inclusion989 decks2.52K decks
15.2lift
Nezahal, Primal Tide
37%inclusion371 decks993 decks
23.1lift
Apex Altisaur
34%inclusion866 decks2.52K decks
9.7lift
Topiary Stomper
34%inclusion848 decks2.52K decks
8.47lift
Verdant Sun's Avatar
33%inclusion838 decks2.52K decks
13.3lift
Dinosaurs on a Spaceship
33%inclusion699 decks2.12K decks
16.0lift
Bonehoard Dracosaur
33%inclusion828 decks2.52K decks
10.4lift
Thrashing Brontodon
33%inclusion824 decks2.52K decks
13.3lift
Marauding Raptor
32%inclusion817 decks2.52K decks
12.4lift
Atzocan Seer
31%inclusion650 decks2.12K decks
10.1lift
Sunfrill Imitator
30%inclusion767 decks2.52K decks
14.8lift
Itzquinth, Firstborn of Gishath
30%inclusion767 decks2.52K decks
22.7lift
Trumpeting Carnosaur
28%inclusion715 decks2.52K decks
9.44lift
Scion of Calamity
28%inclusion701 decks2.52K decks
12.8lift
Vaultborn Tyrant
28%inclusion667 decks2.42K decks
10.1lift
Kinjalli's Caller
27%inclusion579 decks2.12K decks
12.8lift
Scytheclaw Raptor
27%inclusion690 decks2.52K decks
16.4lift
Huatli, Poet of Unity
27%inclusion565 decks2.12K decks
20.9lift
Regal Behemoth
26%inclusion666 decks2.52K decks
10.2lift
Ranging Raptors
26%inclusion649 decks2.52K decks
10.3lift
Ripjaw Raptor
25%inclusion631 decks2.52K decks
9.41lift
Intrepid Paleontologist
25%inclusion623 decks2.52K decks
21.6lift
Runic Armasaur
24%inclusion595 decks2.52K decks
9.9lift
Knight of the Stampede
24%inclusion593 decks2.52K decks
24.3lift
Ixalli's Lorekeeper
23%inclusion589 decks2.52K decks
18.6lift
Bronzebeak Foragers
23%inclusion488 decks2.12K decks
7.10lift
Atla Palani, Nest Tender
22%inclusion456 decks2.12K decks
16.2lift
Roaming Throne
21%inclusion526 decks2.52K decks
2.41lift
Rampaging Ferocidon
21%inclusion526 decks2.52K decks
29.5lift
Belligerent Yearling
21%inclusion522 decks2.52K decks
27.0lift
Dinosaur Egg
20%inclusion496 decks2.52K decks
17.0lift
Instants
Permission Denied
44%inclusion396 decks891 decks
65.5lift
Path to Exile
41%inclusion877 decks2.12K decks
1.06lift
Swords to Plowshares
34%inclusion723 decks2.12K decks
0.73lift
Akroma's Will
29%inclusion607 decks2.12K decks
3.07lift
Heroic Intervention
28%inclusion707 decks2.52K decks
0.94lift
Counterspell
25%inclusion252 decks993 decks
0.99lift
Return of the Wildspeaker
21%inclusion524 decks2.52K decks
1.74lift
Generous Gift
20%inclusion419 decks2.12K decks
1.35lift
Beast Within
17%inclusion421 decks2.52K decks
0.53lift
Chaos Warp
16%inclusion394 decks2.52K decks
0.74lift
Boros Charm
11%inclusion237 decks2.12K decks
0.83lift
Deflecting Swat
9.4%inclusion238 decks2.52K decks
0.68lift
Assassin's Trophy
8.3%inclusion92 decks1.11K decks
0.37lift
Growth Spiral
8.2%inclusion81 decks993 decks
0.51lift
Entish Restoration
7.6%inclusion192 decks2.52K decks
1.22lift
Get Lost
7.4%inclusion156 decks2.12K decks
5.75lift
Flawless Maneuver
6.8%inclusion144 decks2.12K decks
0.88lift
Mana Drain
6.2%inclusion62 decks993 decks
0.61lift
Deadly Rollick
6.1%inclusion68 decks1.11K decks
0.83lift
Negate
5.6%inclusion56 decks993 decks
0.51lift
Dinosaur Stampede
5.4%inclusion135 decks2.52K decks
27.1lift
Naya Charm
5.2%inclusion111 decks2.12K decks
1.04lift
Tail Swipe
5.2%inclusion132 decks2.52K decks
4.79lift
Unbury
1.9%inclusion2 decks103 decks
4.55lift
Harmonized Crescendo
1.0%inclusion1 decks102 decks
0.56lift
Ashling's Command
0.8%inclusion2 decks266 decks
0.38lift
Riverguard's Reflexes
0.4%inclusion1 decks240 decks
22.3lift
Giantfall
0.3%inclusion1 decks286 decks
1.66lift
Turtles Forever
0.2%inclusion1 decks569 decks
1.22lift
Feed the Flames
0.0%inclusion0 decks282 decks
0.00lift
Pyrrhic Strike
0.0%inclusion0 decks251 decks
0.00lift
Sorceries
Farseek
49%inclusion1.23K decks2.52K decks
1.12lift
Savage Order
47%inclusion1.18K decks2.52K decks
34.6lift
Rampant Growth
41%inclusion1.02K decks2.52K decks
1.27lift
Don't Move
34%inclusion717 decks2.12K decks
47.7lift
Kodama's Reach
33%inclusion823 decks2.52K decks
1.19lift
Nature's Lore
25%inclusion640 decks2.52K decks
0.75lift
Three Visits
20%inclusion516 decks2.52K decks
0.80lift
Thunderherd Migration
18%inclusion462 decks2.52K decks
13.2lift
Rishkar's Expertise
18%inclusion458 decks2.52K decks
1.81lift
Blasphemous Act
16%inclusion408 decks2.52K decks
0.60lift
Chandra's Ignition
15%inclusion390 decks2.52K decks
2.59lift
Savage Stomp
15%inclusion389 decks2.52K decks
13.8lift
Migration Path
14%inclusion363 decks2.52K decks
3.70lift
Commune with Dinosaurs
12%inclusion301 decks2.52K decks
23.7lift
Finale of Devastation
11%inclusion288 decks2.52K decks
1.89lift
Last March of the Ents
11%inclusion284 decks2.52K decks
3.81lift
Skyshroud Claim
11%inclusion279 decks2.52K decks
1.22lift
Triumphant Chomp
10%inclusion253 decks2.52K decks
31.0lift
Eerie Ultimatum
10%inclusion84 decks863 decks
1.30lift
Fiery Confluence
9.0%inclusion226 decks2.52K decks
6.25lift
Ruinous Ultimatum
7.0%inclusion60 decks863 decks
0.90lift
Explore
6.9%inclusion174 decks2.52K decks
0.74lift
Tasha's Hideous Laughter
6.7%inclusion67 decks993 decks
16.3lift
Contest of Claws
6.3%inclusion158 decks2.52K decks
7.25lift
Primevals' Glorious Rebirth
6.1%inclusion53 decks863 decks
1.05lift
Star of Extinction
6.1%inclusion153 decks2.52K decks
7.99lift
Kindred Dominance
6.0%inclusion67 decks1.11K decks
1.53lift
Austere Command
5.2%inclusion109 decks2.12K decks
0.67lift
Celestial Reunion
1.4%inclusion4 decks293 decks
2.23lift
Spry and Mighty
1.0%inclusion3 decks286 decks
3.80lift
Soul Immolation
1.0%inclusion3 decks286 decks
0.55lift
Bloodline Bidding
0.9%inclusion1 decks108 decks
0.31lift
Winnowing
0.4%inclusion1 decks257 decks
0.42lift
Utility Artifacts
Dino DNA
36%inclusion920 decks2.52K decks
53.9lift
The Skullspore Nexus
31%inclusion771 decks2.52K decks
10.7lift
Urza's Incubator
21%inclusion531 decks2.52K decks
2.91lift
Fist of Suns
19%inclusion164 decks862 decks
3.16lift
The Great Henge
18%inclusion464 decks2.52K decks
2.00lift
Herald's Horn
18%inclusion462 decks2.52K decks
1.99lift
Monster Manual
17%inclusion425 decks2.52K decks
5.80lift
Lightning Greaves
14%inclusion362 decks2.52K decks
0.67lift
Swiftfoot Boots
14%inclusion347 decks2.52K decks
0.62lift
Chimil, the Inner Sun
10%inclusion250 decks2.52K decks
3.80lift
Vanquisher's Banner
6.9%inclusion175 decks2.52K decks
1.83lift
Maskwood Nexus
5.9%inclusion148 decks2.52K decks
1.11lift
Lifecrafter's Bestiary
5.6%inclusion142 decks2.52K decks
3.04lift
Gathering Stone
1.7%inclusion5 decks298 decks
1.29lift
Mirrormind Crown
0.3%inclusion1 decks304 decks
0.55lift
Enchantments
Welcome to . . .
52%inclusion1.30K decks2.52K decks
38.1lift
Garruk's Uprising
49%inclusion1.24K decks2.52K decks
2.26lift
Rhythm of the Wild
48%inclusion1.20K decks2.52K decks
2.19lift
Life Finds a Way
27%inclusion681 decks2.52K decks
42.7lift
Descendants' Path
23%inclusion569 decks2.52K decks
8.58lift
Poetic Ingenuity
23%inclusion568 decks2.52K decks
28.5lift
Growing Rites of Itlimoc
18%inclusion445 decks2.52K decks
4.76lift
Leyline of the Guildpact
16%inclusion137 decks862 decks
1.06lift
Mirari's Wake
15%inclusion324 decks2.12K decks
1.70lift
Temur Ascendancy
14%inclusion141 decks993 decks
0.93lift
Unnatural Growth
13%inclusion325 decks2.52K decks
2.16lift
Leyline of Mutation
12%inclusion80 decks695 decks
2.85lift
From the Rubble
11%inclusion242 decks2.12K decks
9.9lift
Elemental Bond
10%inclusion240 decks2.52K decks
1.49lift
Kindred Discovery
8.7%inclusion86 decks993 decks
0.98lift
Pestilence
8.5%inclusion94 decks1.11K decks
9.11lift
Monstrous Vortex
8.4%inclusion194 decks2.30K decks
3.89lift
Annie Joins Up
7.7%inclusion155 decks2.01K decks
0.61lift
Warstorm Surge
7.5%inclusion190 decks2.52K decks
1.49lift
Guardian Project
7.4%inclusion187 decks2.52K decks
1.17lift
Defense of the Heart
6.7%inclusion168 decks2.52K decks
2.53lift
Up the Beanstalk
6.2%inclusion157 decks2.52K decks
1.51lift
Spelunking
6.1%inclusion153 decks2.52K decks
1.37lift
Lurking Predators
6.0%inclusion152 decks2.52K decks
3.87lift
Colossal Majesty
5.7%inclusion144 decks2.52K decks
2.07lift
Reflections of Littjara
5.0%inclusion50 decks993 decks
0.82lift
Springleaf Parade
1.0%inclusion3 decks298 decks
0.28lift
Mornsong Aria
0.9%inclusion1 decks110 decks
3.74lift
World War Hulk
0.7%inclusion3 decks433 decks
2.95lift
Lasting Tarfire
0.7%inclusion2 decks298 decks
0.23lift
Spiral into Solitude
0.4%inclusion1 decks240 decks
9.9lift
Prismatic Undercurrents
0.3%inclusion1 decks286 decks
0.27lift
Raiding Schemes
0.3%inclusion1 decks286 decks
0.39lift
Battles
Invasion of Ikoria
15%inclusion382 decks2.52K decks
4.85lift
Planeswalkers
Huatli, Dinosaur Knight
10%inclusion215 decks2.12K decks
27.9lift
Huatli, Warrior Poet
10%inclusion215 decks2.12K decks
15.2lift
Will Kenrith
9.0%inclusion89 decks993 decks
72.5lift
Oko, Lorwyn Liege
1.0%inclusion1 decks102 decks
1.99lift
Utility Lands
Rogue's Passage
30%inclusion751 decks2.52K decks
1.78lift
Mosswort Bridge
23%inclusion572 decks2.52K decks
2.05lift
Restless Ridgeline
22%inclusion549 decks2.52K decks
11.8lift
Reliquary Tower
20%inclusion514 decks2.52K decks
0.83lift
Kessig Wolf Run
19%inclusion469 decks2.52K decks
1.27lift
Temple of the False God
16%inclusion396 decks2.52K decks
1.90lift
Yavimaya, Cradle of Growth
13%inclusion317 decks2.52K decks
0.78lift
Three Tree City
11%inclusion233 decks2.18K decks
1.94lift
Hidden Nursery
6.9%inclusion175 decks2.52K decks
7.19lift
Boseiju, Who Endures
6.7%inclusion169 decks2.52K decks
0.40lift
Restless Prairie
6.5%inclusion137 decks2.12K decks
7.47lift
Hidden Volcano
6.1%inclusion153 decks2.52K decks
7.13lift
Bojuka Bog
6.0%inclusion67 decks1.11K decks
0.48lift
Hidden Courtyard
5.6%inclusion118 decks2.12K decks
11.1lift
Arch of Orazca
5.0%inclusion127 decks2.52K decks
7.55lift
Mana Artifacts
Sol Ring
84%inclusion2.13K decks2.52K decks
1.05lift
Arcane Signet
73%inclusion1.83K decks2.52K decks
1.02lift
Chromatic Lantern
27%inclusion688 decks2.52K decks
1.25lift
Commander's Sphere
15%inclusion371 decks2.52K decks
1.34lift
Fellwar Stone
13%inclusion337 decks2.52K decks
0.72lift
Timeless Lotus
11%inclusion91 decks862 decks
0.98lift
Progenitor's Icon
10%inclusion257 decks2.52K decks
11.6lift
Patchwork Banner
10%inclusion216 decks2.17K decks
2.38lift
Gruul Signet
8.0%inclusion203 decks2.52K decks
0.88lift
Herd Heirloom
6.8%inclusion101 decks1.49K decks
1.60lift
Thought Vessel
6.0%inclusion151 decks2.52K decks
0.77lift
Talisman of Impulse
5.4%inclusion136 decks2.52K decks
0.51lift
Firdoch Core
0.3%inclusion1 decks293 decks
0.25lift
Lands
Command Tower
90%inclusion2.28K decks2.52K decks
1.02lift
Path of Ancestry
49%inclusion1.24K decks2.52K decks
1.59lift
Exotic Orchard
48%inclusion1.21K decks2.52K decks
0.93lift
Jungle Shrine
45%inclusion962 decks2.12K decks
1.44lift
Cinder Glade
40%inclusion1.01K decks2.52K decks
1.05lift
Canopy Vista
38%inclusion806 decks2.12K decks
1.49lift
Ketria Triome
37%inclusion368 decks993 decks
1.21lift
Stomping Ground
33%inclusion838 decks2.52K decks
0.81lift
Unclaimed Territory
32%inclusion800 decks2.52K decks
3.34lift
Indatha Triome
31%inclusion270 decks863 decks
1.40lift
Ziatora's Proving Ground
31%inclusion345 decks1.11K decks
1.15lift
Zagoth Triome
31%inclusion272 decks887 decks
1.42lift
Breeding Pool
30%inclusion301 decks993 decks
0.82lift
Cavern of Souls
30%inclusion762 decks2.52K decks
3.01lift
Jetmir's Garden
30%inclusion637 decks2.12K decks
1.05lift
The World Tree
30%inclusion257 decks862 decks
1.06lift
Evolving Wilds
30%inclusion748 decks2.52K decks
1.13lift
Clifftop Retreat
30%inclusion624 decks2.12K decks
1.64lift
Secluded Courtyard
29%inclusion729 decks2.52K decks
3.17lift
Overgrown Tomb
28%inclusion314 decks1.11K decks
0.81lift
Temple Garden
28%inclusion587 decks2.12K decks
0.80lift
Spara's Headquarters
27%inclusion239 decks891 decks
1.24lift
Sacred Foundry
25%inclusion531 decks2.12K decks
0.82lift
Raugrin Triome
24%inclusion217 decks891 decks
1.33lift
Savai Triome
23%inclusion199 decks863 decks
1.42lift
Rootbound Crag
22%inclusion554 decks2.52K decks
0.78lift
Steam Vents
22%inclusion215 decks993 decks
0.69lift
Hallowed Fountain
21%inclusion187 decks891 decks
0.77lift
Game Trail
21%inclusion522 decks2.52K decks
1.38lift
Fortified Village
21%inclusion435 decks2.12K decks
2.37lift
Wooded Foothills
20%inclusion514 decks2.52K decks
0.65lift
Terramorphic Expanse
20%inclusion507 decks2.52K decks
1.05lift
Frontier Bivouac
20%inclusion198 decks993 decks
0.70lift
Blood Crypt
20%inclusion217 decks1.11K decks
0.68lift
Savage Lands
19%inclusion207 decks1.11K decks
0.86lift
Furycalm Snarl
18%inclusion386 decks2.12K decks
2.85lift
Myriad Landscape
18%inclusion457 decks2.52K decks
1.59lift
Godless Shrine
17%inclusion149 decks863 decks
0.68lift
Windswept Heath
16%inclusion410 decks2.52K decks
0.77lift
Watery Grave
16%inclusion143 decks887 decks
0.65lift
Rockfall Vale
16%inclusion397 decks2.52K decks
0.75lift
Spire Garden
14%inclusion365 decks2.52K decks
0.67lift
Arid Mesa
14%inclusion364 decks2.52K decks
0.82lift
Opulent Palace
14%inclusion128 decks887 decks
0.87lift
Xander's Lounge
14%inclusion125 decks887 decks
1.13lift
Raffine's Tower
14%inclusion121 decks862 decks
1.07lift
Mystic Monastery
14%inclusion125 decks891 decks
0.94lift
Sunpetal Grove
14%inclusion288 decks2.12K decks
0.82lift
Seaside Citadel
13%inclusion115 decks891 decks
0.80lift
Bountiful Promenade
13%inclusion272 decks2.12K decks
0.83lift